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| 1600 |
| | | Britain's East India Company is established when Elizabeth I grants a charter to a 'Company of Merchants trading into the East Indies' | |
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| 1602 |
| | | The Dutch East India Company is founded, with a tax-free monopoly of the eastern trade for twenty-one years | |
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| 1608 |
| | | Quebec is founded by Samuel de Champlain as a centre for the French fur trade | |
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| 1613 |
| | | The British East India establishes a 'factory' (a secure warehouse for the storing of Indian goods) at Surat, on the west coast | |
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| c. 1625 |
| | | The Dutch gradually exclude the Portuguese from the immensely lucrative trade in cloves from the Spice Islands (or Moluccas) | |
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| 1633 |
| | | The four years of tulip mania in Holland provide the first example of speculative frenzy in a capitalist market | |
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| 1638 |
| | | The French build a trading station on the estuary of the Senegal river in west Africa | |
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| 1641 |
| | | The Dutch expel the Portuguese from their trading posts in Malacca | |
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| 1644 |
| | | The British East India Company completes the construction of Fort St George in Madras | |
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| 1650 |
| | | To protect their market, the Dutch destroy all clove trees in the Moluccas except on two islands, Amboina and Ternate | |
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